Indian Marketing Environment

Indian Marketing Environment Indian Marketing Environment For Global advertisers India isn't only a solitary nation, it is additionally isolated into tow various nations. India and Bharat. India is looked and increased in value by the entire world. It is developing at the second quickest rate, Its a re-appropriating center point, talented workforce, Nuclear and space force and everything to turn into a politically influential nation. Then again, Bharat invovles destitution, Illetracy at elevated levels, Corruption, Mismanagement, Violnce among releigions and like that. So along these lines whosoever wants to enter in the indian market must acknowledge both the essences of this country.They ought to understand the genuine difficulties of working together here like portioning the market appropriately, Understanding nation's social and social issues, traversing government beaurocracy and understading monetary and political circumstance. There have been pack of instances of organizations who have attempted to enter in Indian markets without dealing with these issues and have bombed gravely. Presently before understanding Indian Marketing Environment, it is critical to comprehend what is Marketing Environment. Marekting Environment comprise of elements and powers outside or inside the organzation that influence its business in the market.The advertising condition is separated into tow various situations. 1) Micro Environment: It comprise of elements lose to the organization that directly affect the association procedure. This incorporates organization's providers, merchants, clients and contenders. 2) Macro Environment: It comprises of bigger cultural powers. Also, these are outside the ability to control of the association. These shape the attributes of the chances and dangers confronting an organization. For instance, Economic, Cultural, Political, Demographic and Technological. Socioeconomics EnvironmentIt is the investigation of the peoplein terms of their age, sex, race, ethnicity, and area. Segment attributes emphatically influence purchasing conduct. The current populace of India is 1. 18 billion and it is the seond most crowded nation on the planet close to China. Also, it is being anticipated that by 2010, it will overwhelm china with 1. 53 billion. Clearly that is not an uplifting news but rather for advertisers there lies bunches of chances. Quick development of populace went with rising pay implies expanidng markets. Furthermore, among this 1. 18 billion populace, over half are beneath 25 years old. what's more, cap is the motivation behind why tere is intense ompetition in the zone of sodas, organizing locales, slick versatile handsets, work entrances what not. Evaluated in 2008, around 71% populace lives in provincial zones considerably after such a great amount of relocation to urban areas and that is the motivation behind why minimal effort brands have begun focusing on country cummunityites. They put Camps, Haat in melas to ad vance their items. Proficiency rate, as assessed in 2009, for men it was 76. 9% and for ladies it was 54. 5%, thoug there is still wide sex divergence, however it has been seen that development in ladies education rate is more than men's.So ladies is another huge objective for advertisers. Uncommonly for locally established items, as we probably am aware ladies is the main individual to choose them for her home. Presently, In India diffrent conduct of diffrent age bunch has been seen which is referenced underneath. Teenagers: The new-age adolescents are advertisers amuse. They do no win however they are enamored with spending. They spend extravagantly on garments, eating out, most recent contraptions and are extremely sharp t stay aware of their companions as far as assets and ways of life. They don't feel regretful of going through their folks cash and put focus on their folks to dish out cash for them.They feel they have to have their very own existence, and it ought not be denied to them since they are not procuring. Youth: The current adolescents are developing in an additional media-impacted, brand cognizant world thn their folks. Organizations need to take their messages to the spots where these adolescents visit, regardless of whether on the web, in a cricket arena, or TV. They wouldn't fret data contacting them yet they will claim their authority to settle on their decisions. They recognize what they need from their lives and the item or servies they buy.They hate to be convinced and affected. in this way organizations would do well to disregard them to settle on thier decisions. They make their own site, make film with their own webcam, post their musings, pictures and composing on the web. Since they make certain about what they need, they incline toward altered items and administrations. Organizations are understanding that they need to give something one of a kind and profoundly close to home to in thier dedication. Individuals between 35 to 45: Pe ople in this age bunch are settled in their callings and have babies and developing kids in thier home.The endeavor in their calling since they understand that their vocation is probably going to take off at this stage. They put in extended periods of time at office and they need to shuffle interminably between their duties as mates and guardians and developing obligations at work. Guardians might be remaining with them or they might be living in various city. Pay of the individuals increases at a decent rate and they are acceptable spenders. Some of them might be purchasing their nfirst vehicle while a large portion of them considering updating their vehicles. They are additionally open to new devices for themselves and for households.People in this age bunch need to carry on with a decent life and are continually on a purchasing binge to improve their ways of life. They dress well, eat out regularly, and search for chances to go on siestas. Nowadays they are likewise quick to purc hase new houses ahead of schedule in thier lives. They likewise plan to resign early, and they plan thier funds accrodingly. Individuals Between 45 to 60: Some individuals in this age bunch are at the pinnacle of their vocations while some others are battling to keep thier occupations. Youngsters beome significant need for individuals in this age group.They spend less as they spare assets to support the advanced education of their kids. They are likewise stressed over their own future and put forth a last-jettison attempts to set up a retirement plan. Individuals over 60: People in this age bunch live on a consistent pay. Some of them live with thier grown-up youngsters and are a piece of their family unit. They don't spend much on themselves. Their family takes care of their necessities. The greater part of their cash spent on purchasing presents for their youngsters and stupendous kids. They need to spend a generous piece of their income on wellbeing related issues and local help. Political Environment The political-Legal condition of a nation is impacted by political structures and associations, political solidness, government's intercessions, protected arrangements, government's mentality, international strategy. Organizations feel powerless in nations where agreements can't be implemented by the legal executive of the land or it takes exorbitant timein the legal procedures. Governments should give a domain where organizations can prosper. Thusly, government needs organizations in light of the fact that the commercial center produces charges. Along these lines government and organizations need each other.Also each part of showcasing blend is dependent upon laws and limitations. As in any piece of the world, political impact is exceptionally fundamental to begin a business in India. Particularly on the off chance that you are intending to begin a multi billion business, a political support is a flat out need. Not just for defending the enthusiasm of the orga nization however even to start the way toward getting the necessary assents, one requires hold in the high echelons of governmental issues and managerial circles. Indian culture is exceptionally plural. It is the greatest popular government on the planet with multi party political system.During the most recent few decades, India has opened its market to world. It has totally become an open worldwide market. Banking segment, Insurance part and all fields of mechanical and business are presently open for worldwide venture. Obviously there are numerous impediments to cross. Furthermore, for the most part all issues can survive and build up business on the off chance that you have the political support. India has a plural political framework. With various ideological groups, national level and state level, it is exceptionally hard to get an accord among all gatherings for beginning any business.Also these ideological groups have support of numerous variables, standing, doctrine and phil osophies. There are ideological groups with left driven socialist belief systems; they are absolutely against direct outside speculations. Yet, different gatherings, who are fundamental decision alliance accomplices, have right driven belief systems and open for outside ventures. In the vast majority of the states, for the most part neighborhood ideological groups are administering. Ideological groups require money related support from enormous business foundations. Numerous constituent states have understood the requirement for outside interests in their state for a development arranged monetary situation.Hence the atmosphere has changed a great deal in India. Such a large number of benefits are offered to business people to begin business. With every one of these offices, still political support is an absolute necessity to begin a business in India. Significantly subsequent to setting up the business, for a legitimate running of the business, political assistance is fundamental. I t is predominantly to sift through issues identified with neighborhood charges, work issues and numerous such issues influencing the typical working of the organizations. Some exapmles in which the administration meddle has changed the manner in which individuals worked together †¢ India food things need to put Green spot for all veggie lover things and a Red dab for all non-vegan things. All the bundled items need to have MRP(Maximum Retail cost) on their bundle. †¢ Auto enterprises needed to present costly emanation control in thier vehicle Euro II consistence †¢ Public vehicle in delhi like autorickshaws and transports need to utilize just CNG instead of Petrol or Diesel. †¢ Introduction of VAT in Delhi †¢ RBI different rules to Visas organizations †¢ Introduction of 3G innovation †¢ And ve

Apples Eat Themselves, Law421

Article Review LAW 421 March 25, 2013 University of Phoenix Material Article Review Format Guide MEMORANDUM UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX DATE: March 25, 2013 TO: Timothy Morris FROM: Debra Aguilar, Brady Benton, Karena Busch, Stephanie Hudson, and Rachel Wichert RE: Apples Eat Themselves ARTICLE SYNOPSIS An audit of the fights in court between Apple, a PC organization and Apple, a record organization, are talked about in this article. Both offer a comparable logo (a Macintosh) and since 1991, the organizations have gone to court to guarantee the Apple logo should just be novel to one company.In 1991 the Court concurred for each organization to keep on utilizing the Apple logo however now, the record organization has blamed the PC organization for not fitting in with the details of the understanding. In 1980, George Harrison saw a Mac in a promotion for PCs. He thought this encroached upon Apple, the Beatles Record organization trademark and documented suit. In 1981, Apple Computer consented to avoid the music business. In 1991, Apple Corp. documented suit against Apple Computer for trademark encroachment again and privately addressed any remaining issues for 26. 5 million dollars. The two organizations split the Macintosh universe, showing where each could utilize the Mac symbol.In 2001, Apple Computer presented online iTunes Music Store which hugy affected the music retail industry. In 2003, Apple Corp. again sued Apple Computer expressing music was being taken from them. Mac Computer was ensured in light of the fact that downloads of music are involved computerized information, and the circulation of advanced amusement content is allowed in the 1991 understanding. Mac PC, presently looking from the opposite side of the contest, may have issues securing its own trademark in light of current legitimate activity that would compel them to share copyright insurance programming with other companies.The Computer Giant would be compelled to make downloads sold on their webp age playable on any gadget, not simply its own iPod items. This would bring about fully open rivalry, something Apple Computer has not looked previously. The explanation Apple Corp sued Apple Computer more than thirty years back was to secure its trademark, and now Apple Computer may end up in a similar circumstance. Lawful ISSUE Apple Corp and Apple Computer have had a lot of trademark issues. It’s been around thirty years that Apple Corp and Apple Computers contested a debate including the utilization of the â€Å"Apple† name as a trademark and its relationship with music.In 1978 Apple Corp recorded a claim against Apple Computers (Apple Inc) for trademark encroachment and in the long run consented to a settlement around two years after the fact with Apple Computer paying out a mass add up to Apple Corps. The legitimate issue Apple Corps raised is that Apple Computer is associated with the music business and that in the 1991 understanding Apple Computer consented to avoid the sound account industry, submitting trademark encroachment. In 2001 Apple PC discharged the iPod as an equipment gadget that can be utilized to download and play programming like music from iTunes.ITunes was discharged in 2003. Mac Corps guarantees that Apple Computer is engaged with the sound account industry by the utilization of the iPod and the music downloads from iTunes that is infringing upon the 1991 understanding wherein Apple Computer would not have any professional interactions that had to do with the sound chronicle industry. The High Court decided that, â€Å"The Apple Computer hadn't penetrated the conditions of the understanding and could keep on working their PC nothing new. †(BBC News, 2006). For quite a long time Apple Inc has struggled with Apple Corp over trademark issues.In 2007, they at last arrived at a settlement that decided Apple Inc. would possess all trademarks and logos identified with the name â€Å"Apple† and would permit them li kewise to the Apple Corps music organization (Tibken, 2012). During the hour of the understanding, Apple’s CEO Steve Jobs remarking on the settlement expressed â€Å"We love The Beatles, and it has been difficult being at chances with them over these trademarks. † Jobs added that â€Å"it feels extraordinary to determine this in a positive way, and in a way that should expel the capability of further contradictions later on. Administrative PERSPECTIVE The lawful issues in this article can influence the business profoundly. The primary factor is the misfortune they can happen in deals because of the music organization saying they are not following the agreement they have advanced. This shows clients and individuals of the world that their organization isn't trust commendable in all parts of their business. Much of the time this can prevent individuals from purchasing their items until the circumstance is finished and they discover reality. The issue is that it could ta ke weeks or months to complete the lawsuit.The issues that have occurred with Apple the PC organization could have been maintained a strategic distance from in the event that they made the right strides assigned in their concurrence with Apple the music organization. The initial step they ought to have brought was to plunk down and have a conference with the delegates from the music organization and disclose to them what they needed to do so the agreement could be adjusted. Rather they did it without going to an understanding first, which slighted the music organization. Legitimately this is the thing that ought to have occurred with the goal that the agreement was followed and nobody broke the agreement illegally.References Macklem, K. (2006, Apr 10). Apples eat themselves. Maclean's, 119, 30-30. Recovered from http://search. proquest. com/docview/218528830? accountid=35812 Tibken, S. (2012). Apple currently authoritatively possesses Beatles' Apple Corps logo. Recovered from http:/ /news. cnet. com/8301-13579_3-57540017-37/apple-now-formally claims beatles-apple-corps-logo/BBC News. (2006, May 08). News: Front Page. Recovered March 20, 2013, from Beatles lose News: Apple Court Battle. Recovered from http://www. bbc. co. uk/2/hello there/diversion/4750533. stm

The Mona Lisa World

The Mona Lisa World-Famous Painting Essay Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa is the most acclaimed painting on the planet. It was begun on 1503 and finished on 1517. It is the best painting of the renaissance times. At the present time is sitting behind projectile confirmation glass at the MusAÂ ©e du Louver in Paris, France. The little picture draws in around 6,000,000 guests for every year. Can any anyone explain why this is the most well known artwork of the renaissance? Have you at any point got something taken or lost and afterward truly needed that thing back? Well that is what befall this acclaimed painting of Mona Lisa. The Mona Lisa was taken from the Salon Carre in the Louver. In August 1911, an Italian worker at the historical center named Vincenzo Peruggia took the composition odd and exited. His arrangement was to restore the Mona Lisa to Italy where it had a place, yet the police got him following two years, and the work of art was recuperated and come back to France on December 30, 1913. Like I was stating something was lost and afterward you discovered it, the thing gets important so did the work of art. Since the Mona Lisa was taken it pulled in more individuals, in the end it turned out to be considerably increasingly popular. At the point when I found the artistic creation of Mona Lisa was taken. I was stunned in light of the fact that how might you let something significant get taken. So later when I got some answers concerning how and who took it, I thought it was an inside activity in light of the fact that the historical center needed to have it taken so they could draw in more consideration. I thought of that because in light of the fact that it is extremely unlikely you could conceal a composition and leave a structure with tight security. I don't know a hundred percent in the event that it was an inside activity or not. I sure realize it got a ton of consideration when it was taken which afterwards when it was discovered individuals that focused on it. Individuals additionally visit Museum du Louver historical center just to Mona Lisa in light of the fact that it was made by Leonardo Da Vinci. Leonardo was probably the best individuals from the renaissance times, since he had accomplished the renaissance objective of doing numerous things and surpassing on the whole. Since hes a decent craftsman so individuals go see it simply consider it like this, see we generally purchase stuff from organizations that are well known and great like Apple. We purchase our telephones from apple since we think there great which makes it considerably increasingly well known and that is the way compositions are we see them and they get renowned. It likewise gives individuals thoughts what the specialists however like and what instruments they needed to use previously. Reproductions of Mona Lisa have likewise put it on the map. There are copies that look simply like it and that are an amusing adaptation of it. This advances the genuine Mona Lisa in light of the fact that individuals attempt to comprehend where the body originated from on the off chance that it is a clever variant where the genuine adaptation it may motivate to find out about it in light of the fact that the grin on the essence of Mona Lisa is secretive, and some need to discover why shes grinning. It advances the renaissance likewise in light of the fact that a few people need to find out about when it was made and what was around that time. So imitations and different duplicates of Mona Lisa are truly assisting with advancing the genuine one. Indeed I truly like the possibility of imitations of Mona Lisa on the grounds that you can have one in you room see it regular at whatever point you need as opposed to going right to Museum du Louver exhibition hall in France. These are my fundamental thoughts of what I think made it the universes most popular artistic creation from the renaissance. Discovering something that is extremely old and significant or something you have lost gets a great deal of consideration simply like Mona Lisa did when it was discovered again after someone took it. .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7 , .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7 .postImageUrl , .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7 , .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7:hover , .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7:visited , .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7:active { border:0!important; } .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7:active , .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u7f6f090ed4010c5 d5b128a07e366d6f7 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u7f6f090ed4010c5d5b128a07e366d6f7:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Futility in World War One Poetry EssayLeonardo Da Vinci was perhaps the best craftsman during that time so why wouldnt you need to perceive how individuals his artworks and developments so they can perceive what sort of apparatuses they utilized in those occasions. Which I believe is great if your into being a history specialist or an a craftsman, or others see it for no particular reason. A duplicate of something that is important makes it a great deal celebrated and in addition to the duplicates are less expensive yet it causes you to feel like you have it. I for one think Mona Lisa is an extraordinary painting and has a great d eal of puzzle to it since no one knows why she is grinning and what her identity is.

Standardized Testing for ELL Students - Free Essay Example

State tests continue to be the reflection of the students knowledge obtained during the school year from a variety of different courses. With the growing population of non-English speakers, the question arises as to whether state tests accurately represent English Language Learners (ELLs), students who are improving their skills in English. For long-term results of fluency and comprehension, the state tests should be administered in other languages due to a multitude of reasons: interference of already established effective methods of teaching English, the fact that standardized testing solely in English doesnt represent true proficiency for ELLs, and the failed enrichment methods. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001, through the administration of standardized tests in English, deepened the gap between Americans and Native Americans. This Act [required] assessment testing†which is tied to federal funding†to be entirely in English (Klug, Native American Languages Act: Twenty Years Later, Has It Made a Difference?) and required that 100% of all students be academically proficient by the end of the 2013-14 school year (Zehr, No child left behind: Did Bush get it right?). Many Native Americans attend immersion schools, where English is slowly learned and tested after beginning to learn the Native language; so, the students would be fluent in both languages. Unfortunately, going against the immersion schools, the NCLB Act disregarded this method; these schools struggled to meet the new requirements since English fluency comes much later in their curriculum. Even so, this method of full immersionadministering tests in Native languages and Englisheventually proved to be more useful than testing solely in English since immersion students are scoring with or above their non-immersion peers on standardized tests, even in English (Klug, Native American Languages Act: Twenty Years Later, Has It Made a Difference?). Eventually, the students were able to meet the NCLB requirements with just a few hours of English practice a day utilizing their Native language. Unlike immersion students, many Native American students were not doing well in traditional public school settings, where they were dropping out at a rate roughly twice the national average, all due to the lack of test practice in their Native language before the introduction of English tes ting (Klug, Native American Languages Act: Twenty Years Later, Has It Made a Difference?). Proficiency in tests administered in English does not represent true comprehension or fluency for ELLs. For example, the Korean education system focuses primarily on academic achievement through high test scores and grades. Much like the American system, many schools require a certain level of English proficiency (Cho, Issues Concerning Korean Learners of English: English Education in Korea and Some Common Difficulties of Korean Students). When students are put through conversational practice for application of their achieved skills, they seem to lack the ability to converse; they only know how to take tests. During lessons, [pupils] have scarcely any conversation sessions, despite having three or four classes per week and indeed while teachers have a good knowledge of English grammar and reading many are not fluent speakers of English (Cho, Issues Concerning Korean Learners of English: English Education in Korea and Some Common Difficulties of Korean Students). Indeed, affluent ELLs could do the same to invest time and money for tutoring centers or institutions to become proficient in the standardized tests themselves. Unfortunately, they would be lacking fluency much like the students of Korea. This would contradict the whole goal of the test itself; ELLs would be left helpless in the future. By providing the students with the test in their native language, they can fully grasp the curriculum or course and then proce ed to grasp the test material in English. This would ensure applicational skills for the students and long-term results. The Latino population is the fastest growing population in America starting from the 2000s. Statistics from 2015 show that about 21% of Latino eighth-graders were proficient or advanced in reading, up from 17% in 2009 (Mather et al.). Even though there is an impression that the Latino population has improved vastly, in comparison to the White population of 2015, these numbers seem nonexistent since White eighth graders were more than twice as likely as their Latino counterparts to be proficient or advanced in math (Mather et al.). Many schools disregard the capabilities of state tests administered in other languages due to the fact that they claim to promote school readiness through high-quality early childhood education programs†such as Head Start†which contributes greatly to childrens cognitive, physical, and neurological development (Mather et al.). Surely, with this enrichment program, the Latino population would have higher proficiencies on standardized testing due to improved fluencies in a shorter period of time, but only about 54% of Latino three- to five-year-olds were enrolled in preschool in 2014, compared to 60% of Whites and 63% of Blacks (Mather et al.). Clearly, the efforts to involve these students were not enough, nor do the families seem aware of these benefits. If even this long-term method proved to be inefficient, the only way of improving test scores would be through taking tests in other languages, simply due to their late starts in English education; the Latino students woul d have a chance to bolster their understandings of the subjects and slowly transition with other students. Even Herman, a senior scientist with CRESST, the National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards Student Testing at UCLA, claims that translated tests can be beneficial for certain groups of students, particularly those at the middle or high school level who had a strong foundation in their home language before coming to the United States (Roth et al.). Unless the government and the school system are keen on continuing their lacking efforts and the poor representation of the ELLs, students should be given the option to test in their native language until they are able to achieve complete comprehension of their courses.

Women Conform More than Men Essay - 994 Words

Women Conform More than Men Studies over the years have shown a higher rate of conformity among women than men. Psychologists have attributed this difference to many areas, such as personality traits, differing views of conformity, social status, and situational forces. The following research and studies illustrate the findings which confirm this hypothesis. Personality Traits of Men vs. Women According to Eagley, Wood, and Fishbaugh (1981), women are more concerned than men about the quality of interpersonal relationships. Women take greater responsibility for establishing and maintaining interpersonal bonds, whereas men do not. Also, women are more empathetic and more accurate at decoding nonverbal communication than†¦show more content†¦Effects of Status and Status Cues on Conformity Many psychologists attribute the gender differences in conformity to the perceived differences in class status of men and women. One possible interpretation of differences in conformity is the implicit status cue that suggests certain individuals are believed to be of higher status by group members. The results of a study performed by Eagly and Chrvala showed that older females conformed more than older males when subjects surveyed each others answers or when they rated each other on likeability (Collin, Di Sano, and Malik, 1994). It has been suggested, though, that this higher rate of conformity is due to the male-based stimuli. The same study conducted by Collin, et al., suggests that male subjects exhibited more conformity than females due to their higher status. In the formation of new groups, it has been found that gender functions primarily as a status cue (Eagly, et al., 1981). Gender informs people about status, because it is normally perceived in our society that men have higher status than women. Therefore, people enter into a group on unequal ground. Eagly, etc. also argue that mens nonconformity results in successful influence due to their higher status. In reference to occupational status, this study found that the perception of women as being more compliant in a job setting than men came fromShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Continuation Of Patriarchy In Our Culture1497 Words   |  6 Pagesmade up of more than just individuals. Systems are more complex than people (Johnson 92). Within a system there are different parts the come together to form a whole. In terms of patriarchy, these parts are the different standards and ideals that patriarchy upholds. The three facets of patriarchy are male centered, male identified, and ma le dominated. Also patriarchy is not just driven by men, women can also play a role in its continuation. Believing in the equality of men and women is not enoughRead More The Power of Conformity Essay722 Words   |  3 Pagesexperiments were very important to the study of conformity. 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Interaction between Society, Economy and Environment

Source: Scott Cato, M. (2009) This view has been expressed as an illustration using three overlapping ellipses indicating that the three pillars of sustainability are not mutually exclusive and can be mutually reinforcing(Britain 2009).The three pillars have served as a common ground for numerous sustainability standards and certification systems in recent years(Manning 2011, Reinecke 2012) As far as the challenge of sustainable development is to achieve a steady economic growth rate and address social needs while not depleting natural resources, the development of ASM requires a holistic approach that considers the environmental, economic and social challenges together(Purevjav 2010). Figure 2: The conventional economic view of the interaction between economy, society and environment Source: Scott Cato, M. (2009) Figure 3: Venn diagram of sustainable development: at the confluence of three constituent parts Source: Adams, W.M. 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King Lear Essay Example For Students

King Lear Essay King Lear: General Introduction The epic tragedy,  King Lear, has often been regarded as Shakespeares greatest masterpiece, if not the crowning achievement of any dramatist in Western literature. This introduction to  King Lear  will provide students with a general overview of the play and its primary characters, in addition to selected essay topics. Studying a Shakespearean play deepens students appreciation for all literature and facilitates both their understanding of themes and symbolism in literary works and their recognition of effective characterization and stylistic devices. Dozens of versions of the tale of old Lear were readily available to Shakespeare and shaped the main plot of his own drama. However, it is clear that Shakespeare relied chiefly on  King Leir, fully titled  The True Chronicle History of King Leir, and his three daughters, Gonorill, Ragan, and Cordella, the anonymous play published twelve years before the first recorded performance of Shakespeares  King Lear. Exploring what changes Shakespeare made to the drama is an excellent way to gain a full understanding of  King Lear. King Lear: Plot Summary The story opens in ancient Britain, where the elderly King Lear is deciding to give up his power and divide his realm amongst his three daughters, Cordelia, Regan, and Goneril. Lears plan is to give the largest piece of his kingdom to the child who professes to love him the most, certain that his favorite daughter, Cordelia, will win the challenge. Goneril and Regan, corrupt and deceitful, lie to their father with sappy and excessive declarations of affection. Cordelia, however, refuses to engage in Lears game, and replies simply that she loves him as a daughter should. Her lackluster retort, despite its sincerity, enrages Lear, and he disowns Cordelia completely. When Lears dear friend, the Earl of Kent, tries to speak on Cordelias behalf, Lear banishes him from the kingdom. Meanwhile, the King of France, present at court and overwhelmed by Cordelias honesty and virtue, asks for her hand in marriage, despite her loss of a sizable dowry. Cordelia accepts the King of Frances proposal, and reluctantly leaves Lear with her two cunning sisters. Kent, although banished by Lear, remains to try to protect the unwitting King from the evils of his two remaining children. He disguises himself and takes a job as Lears servant. Now that Lear has turned over all his wealth and land to Regan and Goneril, their true natures surface at once. Lear and his few companions, including some knights, a fool, and the disguised Kent, go to live with Goneril, but she reveals that she plans to treat him like the old man he is while he is under her roof. So Lear decides to stay instead with his other daughter, and he sends Kent ahead to deliver a letter to Regan, preparing her for his arrival. However, when Lear arrives at Regans castle, he is horrified to see that Kent has been placed in stocks. Kent is soon set free, but before Lear can uncover who placed his servant in the stocks, Goneril arrives, and Lear realizes that Regan is conspiring with her sister against him. Gloucester arrives back at Regans castle in time to hear that the two sisters are planning to murder the King. He rushes away immediately to warn Kent to send Lear to Dover, where they will find protection. Kent, Lear, and the Fool leave at once, while Edgar remains behind in the shadows. Sadly, Regan and Goneril discover Gloucester has warned Lear of their plot, and Cornwall, Regans husband, gouges out Gloucesters eyes. A servant tries to help Gloucester and attacks Cornwall with a sword – a blow later to prove fatal. News arrives that Cordelia has raised an army of French troops that have landed at Dover. Regan and Goneril ready their troops to fight and they head to Dover. Meanwhile, Kent has heard the news of Cordelias return, and sets off with Lear hoping that father and daughter can be reunited. Gloucester too tries to make his way to Dover, and on the way, finds his own lost son, Edgar. Tired from his ordeal, Lear sleeps through the battle between Cordelia and her sisters. When Lear awakes he is told that Cordelia has been defeated. Lear takes the news well, thinking that he will be jailed with his beloved Cordelia – away from his evil offspring. However, the orders have come, not for Cordelias imprisonment, but for her death. Despite their victory, the evil natures of Goneril and Regan soon destroy them. Both in love with Gloucesters conniving son, Edmund (who gave the order for Cordelia to be executed), Goneril poisons Regan. But when Goneril discovers that Edmund has been fatally wounded by Edgar, Goneril kills herself as well. As Edmund takes his last breath he repents and the order to execute Cordelia is reversed. But the reversal comes too late and Cordelia is hanged. Lear appears, carrying the body of Cordelia in his arms. Mad with grief, Lear bends over Cordelias body, looking for a sign of life. The strain overcomes Lear and he falls dead on top of his daughter. Kent declares that he will follow his master into the afterlife and the noble Edgar becomes the ruler of Britain. King Lear: Versification and Diction From  King Lear. Ed. Henry Norman Hudson. New York: Ginn and Co. , 1911. BLANK VERSE The greater part of  King Lear  is in blank verse, the unrhymed, iambic five-stress (decasyllabic) verse, or iambic pentameter, introduced into England from Italy by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, about 1540, and used by him in a translation of the second and fourth books of Vergils  Aeneid, Nicholas Grimald (Tottels Miscellany, 1557) employed the measure for the first time in English original poetry, and its roots began to strike deep into British soil and absorb substance. It is peculiarly significant that Sackville and Norton should have used it as the measure of  Gorboduc, the first English tragedy. About the time when Shakespeare arrived in London the infinite possibilities of blank verse as a vehicle for dramatic poetry and passion were being shown by Kyd, and above all by Marlowe. Blank verse as used by Shakespeare is really an epitome of the development of the measure in connection with the English drama. In his earlier plays the blank verse is often similar to that of  Gorboduc. The tendency is to adhere to the syllable-counting principle, to make the line the unit, the sentence and phrase coinciding with the line (end-stopped verse), and to use five perfect iambic feet to the line.   In plays of the middle period, such as  The Merchant of Venice  and  As You Like It, written between 1596 and 1600, the blank verse is more like that of Kyd and Marlowe, with less monotonous regularity in the structure and an increasing tendency to carry on the sense from one line to another without a syntactical or rhetorical pause at the end of the line (run-on verse, enjambement). Redundant syllables now abound, and the melody is richer and fuller. In Shakespeares later plays the blank verse breaks away from bondage to formal line limits, and sweeps all along with it in freedom, power, and organic unity. In the 2238 lines of blank verse in  King Lear  are found stress modifications of all kinds. There are 67 feminine (or double, redundant, hypermetrical) endings, 5 light endings, 90 speech endings not coincident with line endings, and 191 short lines, the greatest number of short lines in any Shakespeare play. Such variations give to the verse flexibility and power, in addition to music and harmony. It is significant that inKing Lear  is only one weak ending. Light endings and weak endings2  are found most abundantly in Shakespeares very latest plays. For example, in  The Tempest  are 42 light endings and 25 weak endings. ALEXANDRINES While French prosodists apply the term Alexandrine only to a twelve-syllable line with the pause after the sixth syllable, as in I, i, 219, it is generally used in English to designate iambic six-stress verse, or iambic hexameter, of which we have examples in I, i, 217; II, ii, 138; IV, iii, 42, etc. Many of these occur when there is a change of speaker. The Alexandrine was a favorite Elizabethan measure, and it was common in moral plays and the earlier heroic drama. English literature has no finer examples of this verse than the last line of each stanza of  The Faerie Queene. In  King Lear  are about 60 Alexandrines. RHYME 1. Couplets. In the history of the English drama, rhyme as a vehicle of expression precedes blank verse and prose. Miracle plays, moral plays, and interludes are all in rhyming measures. In Shakespeare may be seen the same develop ment. A progress from more to less rhyme is a sure index to his growth as a dramatist and a master of expression. In the early  Loves Labours Lost  are more than 500 rhyming five-stress iambic couplets; in the very late  The Winters Tale  there is not one. In  King Lear  are 37 rhyming five-stress iambic couplets, used chiefly for the following purposes: (1) to give a certain amount of emotional pitch and intensity, as in the king of Frances farewell, I, i, 248-255, Lears reply, I, i, 256-259, and Edgars speech, III, vi, 100-111; (2) to give epigrammatic effect to a sententious generalization, I, iv, 335-336; and (3), as so frequently in Elizabethan plays, to mark an exit or round off a speech. . The Fools Snatches. The Fools longer snatches of rhyming patter recall both in spirit and in rhythm the extraordinary verse in which John Skelton wrote his satires against Wolsey and the vices and social abuses of the time of  Henry VIII. Such Skeltonical verse as that of I, iv, 111-118; I, iv, 307-311, etc. , may be regarded either as irregular anapaestic two-stress (dimeter) with feminin e ending and the first foot an iamb, or as amphibrachic two-stress changing to anapaestic in the closing couplet. In I, iv, 130-137, are eight lines of iambic three-stress (trimeter), and the two stanzas in the speeches which follow are, like the eight lines in II, iv, 72-79, examples of the ballad stanza of four- stress (tetrameter) iambic alternating with three-stress (common metre). The regular measure of the old ballads seems to have been originally four-stress throughout, as in the famous stanza, III, ii, 69-72. The Fools prophecy, III, ii, 75-86, is in iambic four-stress (octosyllabic) verse with feminine endings and trochaic variations. 3. Edgars Snatches. Most of Edgars snatches are in ballad rhythm, more or less irregular and with a tendency towards doggerel, but the most characteristic bit of rhyming verse which he utters when feigning madness, III, vi, 64-71, is in the four-stress trochaic verse catalectic, so often used by Shakespeare for the speech of supernatural beings. These lines may be regarded as a spell or incantation. PROSE In the development of the English drama the use of prose as a vehicle of expression entitled to equal rights with verse was due to Lyly. He was the first to use prose with power and distinction in original plays, and did memorable service in preparing the way for Shakespeares achievement. Interesting attempts have been made to explain Shakespeares distinctive use of verse and prose; and of recent years there has been much discussion of the question whether we are justified in supposing that Shakespeare was guided by any fixed principle in his employment of verse and prose, or whether he merely employed them, as fancy suggested, for the sake of variety and relief. It is a significant fact that in many of his earlier plays there is little or no prose, and that the proportion of prose to blank verse increases with the decrease of rhyme. In  King Lear  four kinds of prose may be distinguished: (1) The prose of formal documents, as in the forged letter, I, ii, 41-48 ; Gonerils letter, IV, vi, 239-245; and the Heralds proclamation, V, iii, 111-114. In Shakespeare, prose is the usual medium for letters, proclamations, an d other formal documents. 2) The prose of lowlife and the speech of comic characters, as in the Fools speeches. This is a development of the humorous prose found, for example, in Greenes comedies that deal with country life. (3) The colloquial prose of dialogue, as in the talk between Kent, Gloucester, and Edmund, when the play opens. (4) The prose of abnormal mentality. It is an interesting fact that Shakespeare should so often make persons whose state of mind is abnormal, or seemingly so, speak in prose. Prose is the speech of Lady Macbeth in the sleep-walking scene; Hamlet when playing the madman speaks prose, as Edgar does when feigning madness; Ophelia in her insanity either sings snatches of old songs or speaks prose; the development of Lears insanity may be traced by the prose form of his speech, and, as Professor Bradley has pointed out, almost all his speeches, after he has become definitely insane, are in prose; where he wakes from sleep recovered, the verse returns. Bradley remarks further3: The prose enters with that speech which closes with his trying to tear off his clothes; but he speaks in verse some of it very irregular in the Timon-like speeches where his intellect suddenly in his madness seems to regain the force of his best days (IV, vi). . . The idea underlying this custom of Shakespeares evidently is that the regular rhythm of verse would be inappropriate where the mind is supposed to have lost its balance and to be at the mercy of chance impressions coming from without (as sometimes with Lear), or of ideas emerging from its unconscious depths and pursuing one another across its passive surface. Shakespeares Characters: Lear (King Lear) From  King Lear. Ed. Henry Norman Hudson. New York: Ginn and Co. , 1911. Lear is perhaps Shakespeares finest creation in what may be called the art of historical perspective. The old king speaks out from a large fund of vanishing recollections, and in his present we have the odor and efficacy of a remote and varied past. The play forecasts and prepares, from the outset, that superb intellectual ruin where we have matter and impertinency mixd, reason in madness; the earlier transpirations of the character being shaped and ordered with a view to that end. Certain presages and predispositions of insanity are manifest in his behavior from the first, as the joint result of nature, of custom, and of superannuation. We see in him something of constitutional rashness of temper, which, moreover, has long been fostered by the indulgences and flatteries incident to his station, and which, through the cripplings of age, is now working loose from the restraints of his manlier judgment. He has been a wise and good man, strong in reason, in just feeling and rectitude of purpose, but is now decidedly past his faculties; which, however, as often happens, is unapparent to him save as he feels it in a growing indisposition to the cares and labors of his office. So that there is something of truth in what Goneril says of him; just enough to make her appear the more hateful in speaking of it as she does: The best and soundest of his time hath been but rash; then must we look from his age to receive not alone the imperfections of long-engraffd condition, but therewithal the unruly way wardness that infirm and choleric years bring with them. He is indeed full of inconstant starts and petty gusts of impatience, such as are excusable only in those who have not yet reached, and those who have plainly out lived, the period of discretion and self-restraint. These growing infirmities of nature and time are viewed by his children with very different feelings. The two elder are inwardly glad of them. They secretly exult in the decays and dilapidations of his manhood as incapacitating him for his office, and so speeding their hopes of the inheritance. They know it is his disease to be gratified with such hollow and hyperbolical soothings as would else be the height of insolence. And so in the name of duty they study to inflame the waywardness that provokes their scorn. They crave reasons for persecuting him, and therefore will say anything, will do anything, to pamper the faults which at once prompt and seem to justify their contempt of him. In a word, it is their pleasure to bring oil to his fire, that he may the sooner be burnt out of their way. With Cordelia all this is just reversed. The infirmities of a beloved and venerated father are things which she does not willingly see; when she sees, she pities them; and in a true filial spirit never thinks of them but as a motive to greater tenderness and respect. That his mind is falling out of tune, inspires her with the deeper reverence: she would rather go mad herself than see him do so. Partly from a conscious purpose, but more from an instinct of dutiful affection, she tries to assuage and postpone his distemper with the temperate speech of simple truth ; duty and love alike forbidding her to stimulate his disease with the strong waters of fleering and strained hyperbole. Then too a fine moral tact seems to warn her that the medicine of reason must be administered to the dear old man in very gentle doses, else it will but feed his evil. And her treatment is well adapted to keep his faculties in tune, but that her holy purpose is baffled by the fulsome volubility of her sisters. The first two speeches of the play make clear that the division of the kingdom has already been resolved upon, the terms of the division arranged, and the several portions allotted. This fact is significant, and goes far to interpret the subsequent action, inasmuch as it infers the trial of professions to be but a trick of the kings, designed, perhaps, to surprise his children into expressions which filial modesty would else forbid. Olaudah Equiano EssayBoth are actuated by an extreme ferocity; which, however, up to the time of receiving their portions, we must suppose to have been held in check by a most artful and vigilant selfishness. And the malice of Goneril, the eldest, appears still to be under some restraint, from feeling that her husband is not in sympathy with her. For Albany, though rather timid and tardy in showing it, remains true to the old king; his tardiness probably springing, at least in part, from a reluctance to make a square issue with his wife, who, owing to her superiority of rank and position, had somewhat the advantage of him in their marriage. Regan, on the other hand, has in Cornwall a husband whose heart beats in perfect unison with her own against her father; and the confidence of his sympathy appears to discharge her malice entirely from the restraints of caution, and to give it a peculiar quickness and alertness of action. Near the close of the kings last interview with them, we have the following: GONERIL. Why might not you, my lord, receive attendance From those that she calls servants or from mine? REGAN. Why not, my lord ? If then they chancd to slack you,   We could control them. If you will come to me For now I spy a danger I entreat you To bring but five-and-twenty; to no more Will I give place or notice. LEAR. I gave you all. REGAN. And in good time you gave it. LEAR. Made you my guardians, my depositaries; But kept a reservation to be followd With such a number. This passage is quoted mainly to draw attention to the concentrated wolfishness of heart in those few words, And in good time you gave it, snapped out in reply to the pathetic appeal, I gave you all. Human speech cannot be more intensely charged with fury. And this cold, sharp venom of retort is what chiefly discriminates Regan from Goneril; otherwise they seem too much like repetitions of each other to come fairly within the circle of nature, who never repeats herself. Yet their very agreement in temper and spirit renders them the fitter for the work they do. For the sameness of treatment thence proceeding is all the more galling and unbearable forasmuch as it appears the result of a set purpose , a conspiracy coolly formed and unrelentingly pursued. That they should lay on their father the blame of their own ingratitude, and stick their poisoned tongues into him under pretence of doing him good, is a further refinement of malice not more natural to them than tormenting to him. It is indeed difficult to conceive how creatures could be framed more apt to drive mad any one who had set his heart on receiving any comfort or kindness from them. For the behavior of Regan and Goneril after the death of Cornwall, and their final transports of mutual fierceness, Shakespeare prepares us by the oralizing he puts into the mouth of Albany: That nature which contemns its origin Cannot be borderd certain in itself. meaning, apparently, that where the demon of filial ingratitude reigns, there the heart is ripening for the most unnatural crimes, so that there is no telling what it will do, or where it will stop. The action of Goneril and Regan, taken all together, seems the most improbable thing in the drama. It is not easy to think of them othe rwise than as instruments of the plot; not so much ungrateful persons as personifications of ingratitude. Kent Kent, King Lears loyal and selfless companion, is one of Shakespeares most cherished creations. Kent is, perhaps, the nearest to perfect goodness in all Shakespeares characters, and yet the most individualized. (Complete Works of Samuel Coleridge, Vol. IV, edited by W. G. T. Shedd, Harper and Bros. , New York: 1884, pp. 138). Edgar Edgar, the banished son of Gloucester and brother to the villain Edmund, is the primary character in the sub-plot of  King Lear. The dutiful Edgar is much like Cordelia and suffers throughout the play due to his fathers transgressions. Unlike Cordelia, however, Edgar remains alive at the end of the drama, and becomes King of Britain. Shakespeares Characters: Edmund (King Lear) From  King Lear. Ed. Henry Norman Hudson. New York: Ginn and Co. , 1911. For the union of wit and wickedness, Edmund stands next to Richard and Iago. His strong and nimble intellect, his manifest courage, his energy of character, and his noble person, prepare us on our first acquaintance to expect from him not only great undertakings, but great success in them. The circumstances of our first meeting with him, the matter and manner of Gloucesters talk about him and to him, go far to explain his conduct; while the subsequent outleakings of his mind in soliloquy let us into his secret springs of action. With a mixture of guilt, shame, and waggery, his father, before his face, and in the presence of one whose respect he craves, makes him and his birth a theme of gross and wanton discourse; at the same time drawing comparisons be tween him and another son some year elder than this, such as could hardly fail at once to wound his pride, to stimulate his ambition, and to awaken his enmity. Thus the kindly influences of human relationship and household ties are turned to their contraries. He feels himself the victim of a disgrace for which he is not to blame; which he can not hope to outgrow; which no degree of personal worth can efface; and from which he sees no escape but in the pomp and circumstance of worldly power. Always thinking, too, of his dishonor, he is ever on the watch for signs that others are thinking of it; and the jealousy thence engendered construes every show of respect into an effort of courtesy, a thing that inflames his ambition while chafing his pride. The corroding suspicion that others are perhaps secretly scorning his noble descent while outwardly acknowledging it, leads him to find or fancy in them a disposition to indemnify themselves for his personal superiority out of his social debasement. The stings of reproach, being personally unmerited, are resented as wrongs; and with the plea of injustice he can easily reconcile his mind to the most wicked schemes. Aware of Edgars virtues, still he has no relentings, but shrugs his shoulders, and laughs off all compunctions with an I must; as if justice to himself were a sufficient excuse for his criminal purposes. With the plague of custom and the curiosity of nations Edmund has no compact; he did not consent to them, and therefore holds himself unbound by them. He came into the world in spite of them; perhaps he owes his gifts to a breach of them; may he not, then, seek to thrive by circumventing them? Since his dimensions are so well compact, his mind so generous, and his shape so true, he prefers nature as she has made him to nature as she has placed him, and freely employs the wit she has given, to compass the wealth she has withheld. Thus our free-love philosopher appeals from convention to nature; and, as usually happens in such cases, takes only so much of nature as will serve his turn. For convention itself is a part of nature, it being no less natural that men should grow up together in families and communities than that they should grow up severally as individuals. There is not in Edmund, as in lago, any spontaneous or purposeless wickedness. Adventures in crime are not at all his pastime; they are his means, not his end; his instruments, not his element. He does not so much make war on duty, as bow and shift her off out of the way, that his wit may have free course. He deceives others, indeed, without scruple, but then he does not consider them bound to trust him, and tries to avail himself of their credulity or criminality without becoming responsible for it. He is a pretty bold experimenter, rather radical in his schemes, but this is because he has nothing to lose if he fails, and much to gain if he succeeds. Nor does he attempt to disguise from himself, or gloss over, or anywise palliate, his designs ; but boldly confronts and stares them in the face, as though assured of sufficient external grounds to justify or excuse them. ng Lear: Study Questions 1) Trace the different stages of Lears insanity. Is it true that  King Lear  is the tragedy of a man going sane, as some critics suggest? 2) Discuss the role of the Fool in  King Lear. 3) What is the significance of the Gloucester subplot? 4) Compare Lears three daughters. By what means does Shakespeare deepen the contrast between Cordelia and her two sinister sisters. 5) Sketch the charact er of Kent. How is he similar to Lear? 6) Discuss the effect of suffering on both Lear and Gloucester. ) Explain the irony in the deaths of Lear and Cordelia. 8) Compare the character Edmund in  King Lear  to the character Iago in  Othello. Are their motives similar? Is one a more developed character than the other and why is this so? 9) Analyze the following quote taken from the letters of John Keats. Take a stand for or against the argument posed: The excellence of every art is its intensity, capable of making all disagreeables evaporate from their being in close relationship with Beauty and Truth. Examine  King Lear  and you will find this exemplified throughout. (Keats in a letter to George and Thomas Keats, 1817) ing Lear: Q A When was  King Lear  first performed? The first recorded performance of the play was on December 26, 1606, before James I at Whitehall Palace. My cue is villainous melancholy, with a sigh like Tom OBedlam. Can you explain the reference to Tom OBedlam? And what does cue mean here? 1) Cue means part in the above quote. 2) In 1247 a convent was founded just outside the London wall for the order of St. Mary of Bethlehem. By 1330 the convent had become the General Hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem, ready to treat the gamut of common ailments. However, by 1403, Bethlehem had developed into a hospital for the mentally ill, the first such institution in England. In 1547 King Henry VIII granted Bethlehem Hospital, known by now as Bedlam, to the city of London as an asylum for the mentally deranged. By the time Shakespeare wrote King Lear, Bedlam had a solid reputation as a brutal, inhuman prison. Shakespeare refers to Bedlam and the Bedlam beggars, commonly known by the generic name Tom OBedlams, several times in his plays. In Act 2 of King Lear, Shakespeare describes the actions of some inmates: The country gives me proof and precedent Of Bedlam beggars, who, with roaring voices, Strike in their numbd and mortified bare arms Pins, wooden pricks, nails, sprigs of rosemary; And with this horrible object, from low farms, Poor pelting villages, sheep-cotes, and mills, Sometime with lunatic bans, sometime with prayers, Enforce their charity poor Tom! (2. 3. 13-19) Edgar says, The prince of darkness is a gentleman/Modo hes calld, and Mahu (3. 4. 143). Ive read many editions but they do not annotate this passage. Who are Modo and Mahu? Modo and Mahu are fiends originally found in a work called the  Declaration of Egregious Popish Impostures, written in 1603 by  Samuel Harsnett. Do we know what happened to King Lears wife? The only reference to Lears wife in the play is in Act 2 (I would divorce me from thy mothers tomb (2. 4. 130)) and so, although we know she is dead, we do not know the circumstances surrounding her death. A little more information is given in Shakespeares source  King Leir, but not much: Thus to our grief the obsequies performd Of our too late deceasd and dearest queen, Whose soul I hope, possessd of heavenly joys, Doth ride in triumph mongst the cherubins (1. 1. 1-4) Why Study Shakespeare? The Reasons Behind Shakespeares Influence and Popularity Ben Jonson anticipated Shakespeare’s dazzling future when he declared, He was not of an age, but for all time! in the preface to the  First Folio. While most people know that Shakespeare is, in fact, the most popular dramatist and poet the Western world has ever produced, students new to his work often wonder why this is so. The following are the top four reasons why Shakespeare has stood the test of time. ) Illumination of the Human Experience Shakespeare’s ability to summarize the range of human emotions in simple yet profoundly eloquent verse is perhaps the greatest reason for his enduring popularity. If you cannot find words to express how you feel about love or music or growing older, Shakespeare can speak for you. No author in the Western world has penned more beloved passages. Shakes peares work is the reason John Bartlett compiled the first major book of familiar quotations. Here are some examples of Shakespeares most popular passages: †¢ The seven ages of man Shall I compare thee to a summers day? †¢ We band of brothers †¢ The green-eyed monster †¢ Whats in a name? †¢ Now is the winter of our discontent †¢ If music be the food of love †¢ Beware the ides of March †¢ We are such stuff as dreams are made on †¢ Something is rotten in the state of Denmark †¢ To be, or not to be: that is the question 2) Great Stories Marchette Chute, in the  Introduction  to her famous retelling of Shakespeare’s stories, summarizes one of the reasons for Shakespeare’s immeasurable fame: William Shakespeare was the most remarkable storyteller that the world has ever known. Homer told of adventure and men at war, Sophocles and Tolstoy told of tragedies and of people in trouble. Terence and Mark Twain told cosmic stories, Dickens told melodramatic ones, Plutarch told histories and Hand Christian Andersen told fairy tales. But Shakespeare told every kind of story – comedy, tragedy, history, melodrama, adventure, love stories and fairy tales – and each of them so well that they have become immortal. In all the world of storytelling he has become the greatest name. (Stories from Shakespeare, 11) Shakespeares stories transcend time and culture. Modern storytellers continue to adapt Shakespeare’s tales to suit our modern world, whether it be the tale of Lear on a farm in Iowa, Romeo and Juliet on the mean streets of New York City, or  Macbeth in feudal Japan. 3) Compelling Characters Shakespeare invented his share of stock characters, but his truly great characters – particularly his tragic heroes – are unequalled in literature, dwarfing even the sublime creations of the Greek tragedians. Shakespeare’s great characters have remained popular because of their complexity; for example, we can see ourselves as gentle Hamlet, forced against his better nature to seek murderous revenge. For this reason Shakespeare is deeply admired by actors, and many consider playing a Shakespearean character to be the most difficult and most rewarding role possible. 4) Ability to Turn a Phrase Many of the common expressions now thought to be cliches were Shakespeares creations. Chances are you use Shakespeares expressions all the time even though you may not know it is the Bard you are quoting. You may think that fact is neither here nor there, but thats the short and the long of it. Bernard Levin said it best in the following quote about Shakespeares impact on our language: If you cannot understand my argument, and declare Its Greek to me, you are quoting Shakespeare; if you claim to be more sinned against than sinning, you are quoting Shakespeare; if you recall your salad days, you are quoting Shakespeare; if you act more in sorrow than in anger, if your wish is father to the thought, if your lost property has vanished into thin air, you are quoting Shakespeare; if you have ever refused to budge an inch or suffered from green-eyed jealousy, if you have played fast and loose, if you have been tongue-tied, a tower of strength, hoodwinked or in a pickle, if you have knitted your brows, made a virtue of necessity, insisted on fair play, slept not one wink, stood on ceremony, danced attendance (on your lord and master), laughed yourself into stitches, had short shrift, cold comfort or too much of a good thing, if you have seen better days or lived in a fools paradise why, be that as it may, the more fool you, for it is a foregone conclusion that you are (as good luck would have it) quoting Shakespeare; if you think it is early days and clear out bag and baggage, if you think it is high time and that that is the long and short of it, if you believe that the game is up and that truth will out even if it involves your own flesh and blood, if you lie low till the crack of doom because you suspect foul play, if you have your teeth set on edge (at one fell swoop) wi thout rhyme or reason, then to give the devil his due if the truth were known (for surely you have a tongue in your head) you are quoting Shakespeare; even if you bid me good riddance and send me packing, if you wish I were dead as a door-nail, if you think I am an eyesore, a laughing stock, the devil incarnate, a stony-hearted villain, bloody-minded or a blinking idiot, then by Jove! O Lord! Tut, tut! for goodness sake! what the dickens! but me no buts it is all one to me, for you are quoting Shakespeare. (The Story of

The Essence of Essay Topics

The Essence of Essay TopicsWriting an effective essay is a daunting task for many students, especially those who struggle with their English writing skills. The reason is that there are so many essay topics and essays to choose from. Although there are many that you can select from, the truth is that most students usually fail when they try to write an essay based on their own ideas.Most students always do their homework by researching essays topics that they would like to write. However, it should be remembered that writing an essay is not merely about looking up essay topics to use in an essay.Students must know how to utilize the main aspects of academic writing to make the best use of their writing. As an example, if they only are interested in writing an essay on peer groups, they can choose from many different topics. For example, peer groups for kids, athletic teams, or gangs.On the other hand, if they want to focus on personal essays about relationships, they can choose from personal essay topics such as relationship essays, family essays, or even wedding essays. There are many other essay topics that they can choose from. However, all of these topics have their common core elements that comprise an essay.The essence of all these essay topics are an essay topic, an idea, an argument, and a conclusion. An idea is the topic itself, a conclusion is the argument, and an argument is the conclusion. Now that students know what these three aspects are, let's talk about how they can be utilized to make the best use of essay topics.One aspect of essay topics that you will want to consider is your audience. If you are writing about yourself, you should consider writing about yourself as a person.If you are writing about yourself as a person, think about how you came to realize that your way point is wrong. Have you spent enough time thinking about the issue? Think about the right thing to say, the correct wording, the tone, and the proper grammar. This is a great way to make sure that you only bring the best ideas that you have to hand to the table.

What to Expect From Persuasion and Argument Essay Topics?

What to Expect From Persuasion and Argument Essay Topics? It is very important to ascertain the advantages and disadvantages of this issue and choose which side will profit from your advocacy. Homosexuality isn't a disease. Marijuana ought to be legalized. Lies You've Been Told About Persuasion and Argument Essay Topics You've been requested to provide a persuasive speech. When you have the subject, you can start to research it and write your speech. Well, first, you're want to find good persuasive speech topics. Persuasive speech topics are among the most typical alternatives. Persuasion and Argument Essay Topics Help! You may find there's a compelling argument for learning another language after all! Before you pick a topic for sure, make sure to consult your teacher first. Our topics are good since they won't leave listeners indifferent. Take notes concerning all possible topics it's possible to consider. The Fight Against Persuasion and Argument Essay Topics Whe n you're permitted to write about whatever you want, never rely on a person's thoughts about this issue you like as a pivotal criterion for your choice. If you may throw yourself into a topic you've got a whole lot of private interest in, you're more likely to be successfully persuasive. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering a notion that might be a huge deal to another person. Deciding on the correct topic for a persuasive speech is occasionally not such an easy matter to do as it might appear. To begin with, if you're arranging a persuasive speech, you ought to think about a topic that may create mental pictures in the minds of your audience. Demonstrate or give examples to create the audience understand the way that it works and the way that it solves the issue. Remember which you are attempting to make your audience except a completely new vision of the issue. The audience has to be convinced by means of an argument or application. Social networks ought to be allowed in school. Student spend the majority of their time in school. Every student should learn a minumum of one foreign language. He should be forced to learn how to code. Employment is among the biggest responsibilities you could possibly have, and lots of high school students are simply starting to get that out. College beauty contests shouldn't be encouraged. Students have to finish a lot of writing assignments during college years. Still, in regards to practice, not every student can think of an i deal speech in only a day or two. Persuasion and Argument Essay Topics and Persuasion and Argument Essay Topics - The Perfect Combination There are several persuasive essay topics to pick from to finish your high school or college assignment. Persuasive essays share a good deal of resemblance with argumentative essays. All things considered, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. Persuasion and Argument Essay Topics for Dummies Developing ideas have become the most important thing here. Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. Art and music are a vital part of education. Since you can see, several of the topics listed are new and deal with the recent issues happening in the World today. Appropriate writing and presentation is the secret to success. While it could be hard to pick from such a number of persuasive speech topics, consider which of the above you've got the most knowle dge of and can argue your opinion on. Persuasive speech refers to a specific sort of speech where the speaker has the objective of persuading the audience to accept their perspective. Have a look at our presentation if you wish to find out more about creating a high-quality speech that will draw in the audience! An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. Look around you and you'll note a kind of persuasion or the other. Even thought you may not think you're a master at persuasion, it is likely that you're far better than you believe. It's possible, for instance, show your erudition. The Basics of Persuasion and Argument Essay Topics Sure, with this kind of a substantial number of topics to pick from, picking just one may be challenging. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the special area of study. It is preferable to search online since it will conserve a plenty of time. Maybe you thought you learned more due to the internet format. Life After Persuasion and Argument Essay Topics Identity theft is a very big problem and ought to be paid attention to. A broad subject always seems simpler to write about as it is possible to discover a lot of materials about it. Students often make t he error of selecting issues it is not possible for them to discuss for a couple minutes. Very good examples are boosting in road accidents and theft.

Using Research and Writing Services For Your Online Business

Using Research and Writing Services For Your Online BusinessWriting and research can be a huge task, however there are services that can help you with this. Research and writing services will use their research skills to find out what people want to read and then research the topics themselves. In this way they can provide specific content on their research findings to be published and used by the other writers.One thing to remember when using a research and writing services is that it has to be original. Many writers have already done this work for thousands of articles for thousands of websites in many languages and content categories. If you have a fresh, original idea, chances are you will be writing about it elsewhere. To ensure you write something that will stand out and also make a difference you should not overdo your research.However, if you want to be original and find your niche, this is fine too. Just make sure that your research and writing services know what they are ta lking about and can give you an idea of the style and content that you will need to achieve success. By learning about what is important to other websites you can create a much better topic for yourself.The way the subject and the style should come from the research and writing services should be clear to the client and the reader. Your own ideas about what you want to say should be clearly communicated to the research and writing services. You should be able to tell them what you want to say and they should understand that. Not only that, but they should be able to show you the layout of the website that you want to write for.The writing services can be used to develop the content for your website as well as edit the articles before publishing them. The more you use the research and writing services for the more professional the finished products will be and the more people will be drawn to your website.It is possible to find writers who specialise in research and writing services, but they will cost you a lot more than those who do writing just general articles. However, this does not mean that they will be less qualified, only that you will pay more for the service than someone who will only be doing research. Once you are happy with the results of the work, you will be able to hire them for a wide range of different projects.Writing is a time consuming task and research have to be done so that a great article can be written and delivered to the public. By taking part in research and writing services you will save time and frustration, as well as maximising your potential and getting a lot more clients to your website. What's more, your work will be used by hundreds of other companies and websites.The writing services will help you improve the quality of your writing by providing you with good advice, feedback and even advanced software that can be used to help you with grammar and style. They can provide your content with editorial assistance and the best possible format that will be easy to understand and use. At the end of the day, a good research and writing service will take a quality article and turn it into a winner.